Portfolio 1 Submission

The computer networks have become an indispensable part of our lives. A separate computer or other computing device is useless without a network connection. for The updates and bug fixes come to us across the network . The available programs are not purchased for traditional media like CD, DVD but they can be purchased by connecting to a network. The traditional paper-based books are offered at lower rates and more and more electronic books are also inaccessible without a network connection. The shopping habits have changed . The world's leading companies have grown to become the online merchant houses such as eBay or Amazon. The social relations have changed. We have sent our transactions online and also keep in touch with friends on social networks . Traditional mailing is too slow in the fast-paced world, our lives are so much faster to use electronic mailing. It's almost irrelevant what kind of device you connect to the network with , the point is that we need a high-speed network connectivity.

Web page link:

http://www.frankofamily.info/UniOfSunderland/Level1/Portfolio1/

Encountering computer networks

The first time I encountered a network was in a shopping centre's electronics department in 1985. The network, known as a supercomputer at the time, was the Commodore +4 computer, which had 64KB RAM as well as a 64KB ROM. This was a huge difference compared to the well known Commodore 64, which had 64KB ROM and RAM shared out. This was so interesting to me at the time, that very soon I also had a Commodore +4 as my very first computer.

After a decade, in 1995, when I was working with IBM compatible PC's, the computer networks were made available to households. The networks connected with an analog telephone modem, which at the time was communicating with 4800kbs. In Eastern Europe there were a very small amount of internet providers, so we connected through the University Network to the World Wide Web, which access was provided by friends, or through private user's who shared their information. This data transfer rate was too slow to handle graphical content, so most of the information was text or the text itself was used to show a certain picture.

Soon after the internet has rapidly spread, and became easy to access. At the start it was a dial-in connection, which was later changed to ADSL, which still works through phone lines, however it is equipped with a passive filter to separate the phone conversations. Also a wired network which communicates through a Television cable, thanks to the optical cables, is capable of much faster data transfer rate.

Today the use of a wireless network happens seamlessly. Every smart phone can get access to internet information at any times. Wherever we go wireless networks, WIFI connection points can be found all the time, a part of which is available to use for free.

The development of the internet

The first computer networks were ARPANET, the British NPL, the American RAND and MERIT also the French CYCLADES.

• The ancestor of today's internet was released in 1969 known as ARPANET, with the help of the Advanced Research Projects. At first it has connected 4 educational institutions and it's purpose was to share CPU time and computation.

• The British NPL (National Physical Laboratory) was the first global network. In 1970 it has already provided a large scale of online services and has given access for about 200 users.

• The RAND (Research and Development) operates even today.

• The founders of the MERIT network has created the first "host-to-hostâ€• connection between 3 universities. Through the network it was possible to share files and to remotely print.

• The French CYCLADES was created in 1973. The network's innovation was, that only a part of the network was responsible for data exchange and through this it has decreased data traffic.

Overall, the last 5 mentioned networks have partially merged to create today's internet.

However there were other systems that helped the internet to spread, for example

BITNET and CSNET (1981), the EUNET (1982) also the USENET, NSFNET and the EARN. The development of today's WWW (World Wide Web) was started by French telephone company in 1978 and was available to the French general public by 1982. The WWW had spread across the World and became a vital part to today's society.

Classification of Computer Networks

Computer networks are set up for local or remote communication and information exchange.

The networks can be:

• LAN (Local Area Network)

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

• WAN (Wide Area Network)

• SAN (Storage Area Network)

• CAN (Campus Area Network)

• PAN (Personal Area Network)

• DAN (Desk Area Network)

• HAN (Home Area Network)

The data exchange can occur with wired:

• Twisted pair

• Coax cable

• Telephone cable

• Glass fibre, optical cable

Wireless networks:

• Infrared light

• Laser

• Radio waves

• Microwave

Network services:

• electronic mailing

• file sharing

• information exchange

• telnet

• electronic trading

• www

• online broadcasting

The networks can be client/server connection and equivalent systems. At a client/server connection, a chosen central computer (server) serves the other client systems.

Connection between peer systems is known as a peer-to-peer connection.

The future of the internet

Search engines

The future of the internet almost completely relies on Google, because the search is done depending on their protocols. Using different search engines are in vain, as there's a lot of competition, such as Yahoo and Microsoft who follow Google's example. Google's goal is to systemise all information in the world, which requires the storage of this data, which could raise both moral and ethical questions. Google tries to acquire all possible forms of information. They record news's, scanning books and providing a world map in the form of a picture, as well as collecting our e-mails. Google's fame shows, that as of today it has become a world leader and always stays efficient and they generate a significant profit from their adverts. Today it is no longer possible to ignore Google's algorithm, because if we do not act upon the changes, then our content will not be found. Google has not had enough just by optimising their search engine, they also are developing an operating system, and a significant number of users use the Google web browser

Community Portals

The internet's future is also heavily influenced by community portals. The leader of this area, Facebook, currently is attempting to get an even larger part of the global economy. Unfortunately community portals large-scale spread has caused the modern world's relationships to become impersonal. The online portals also have many made up accounts and malicious users. Younger people slowly become more and more enclosed in their virtual community, while personal contact moves to the background. One of the interesting thing that Facebook has done, that with their competitor, Google, they do not share any data. The servers have been configured in such a way, that only Facebook can search their own content and no one else. Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, sees the future of the internet a large network of friends and family. Facebook has only started integrating, through Connect, they have managed to integrate with a lot of websites and they have already got some web pages where Facebook has diverted most traffic to. The only question is, who will win.

Data storage

The rapid development of the internet was achieved by the increase in data storage. To gather all the information in the world, there needs to be a huge storage. The technology is managing to keep up with the increased demands. Currently there is an oversupply of data storing. With almost every turn, we can find different offers for storing data. The technology is moving towards a way of storing data on a server that's further away (cloud services), but the market tries to resist, as the users are not happy to share confidential information. Predictions have said that we will slowly move away from using silicon storage and it will be replaced by DNS.

Design

Background and banner

I edited the banner and background image using Photoshop.

CSS

Layouts settings

/*Layouts Setting*/

#container

{

padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed black; border-radius: 5px; margin: auto; width: 960px;

opacity: 0.9;

}

#header

{

border: 1px dashed black; border-radius: 5px;

background-image: url('../images/header.jpg'); background-position: 0 0; background-repeat: no-repeat; position: relative; z-index: auto; width: 900px; height: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 24px;

}

#aside

{ float: left;

width: 20%; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed black; background: #d0fbf9; border-radius: 5px;

margin: 10px;

}

#aside li

{

list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0.25em; border-top: 1px solid gray;

text-decoration: none;

}

#aside li a { text-decoration: none; }

#content

{

margin-left: 25%; margin-top: 10px; width: 71%; padding: 5px 10px; background: #d0fbf9; border: 1px dashed black;

border-radius: 5px;

}

#footer

{

clear: both; text-align: left; padding: 20px; margin: 10px; height: 2%; border: 1px dashed black; border-radius: 5px;

background: #4680f5;

}

Body settings

/*Body settings*/ body{

background-image: url('../images/background.jpg'); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center;

background-size: contain;

}

/*Paragraphs settings*/ p{ font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana; font-weight: normal;

color: #010669;

}

/*H1 headings settings*/ h1{ font-size: 24px; font-family: Verdana; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;

color: #0b10c3;

}

/*H2 headings settings*/ h2{ font-size: 20px; font-family: Verdana; font-weight: bold;

color: #0c22fa;

}

/*H3 headings settings*/ h3{ font-size: 16px; font-family: Verdana; font-weight: bold;

color: #0c22fa;

}

/* Lists setting*/

ul,li{

font-size: 16px;

font-family: Verdana; font-weight: normal;

color: #000;

}

HTML Codes

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Computer Networks</title>

</head>

<body>

<! header picture in css >

</div>

<! Side menu >

<li><a href="/index.html">Encountering computer networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/development.html">The development of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/classification.html">Classification of Computer

Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/future.html">The future of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/references.html">References</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<! Content >

<h1>Encountering computer networks</h1><! Headind 1t >

<img style="float:left" src="/images/Commodore_Plus_4.png" alt="Commodore

+4" width="200"> <! Insert image, position and size >

The first time I encountered a network was in a shopping centre's electronics department in 1985.

The network, known as a supercomputer at the time, was the Commodore +4 computer, which had 64KB RAM as well as a 64KB ROM.

This was a huge difference compared to the well known Commodore 64, which had 64KB ROM and RAM shared out.

This was so interesting to me at the time, that very soon I also had a Commodore +4 as my very first computer.

</p>

<p>

After a decade, in 1995, when I was working with IBM compatible PC's, the computer networks were made available to households.

The networks connected with an analog telephone modem, which at the time was communicating with 4800kbs.

In Eastern Europe there were a very small amount of internet providers, so we connected through the University Network to the World Wide Web, which access was provided by friends, or through private user's who shared their information.

This data transfer rate was too slow to handle graphical content,

so most of the information was text or the text itself was used to show a certain picture.

</p>

<p>

Soon after the internet has rapidly spread, and became easy to access.

At the start it was a dial-in connection, which was later changed to ADSL, which still works through phone lines, however it is equipped with a passive filter to separate the phone conversations.

Also a wired network which communicates through a Television cable, thanks to the optical cables, is capable of much faster data transfer rate.

</p>

<p>

Today the use of a wireless network happens seamlessly.

Every smart phone can get access to internet information at any times.

Wherever we go wireless networks, WIFI connection points can be found all the time, a part of which is available to use for free.

</p>

</div>

<! Footer >

</div>

</body>

</html>

development.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Computer Networks</title>

</head>

<body>

<! header picture in css >

</div>

<! Side menu >

<ul>

<li><a href="/index.html">Encountering computer networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/development.html">The development of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/classification.html">Classification of Computer Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/future.html">The future of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/references.html">References</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<! Content >

<h1>The development of the internet</h1>

<p>

The first computer networks were ARPANET, the British NPL, the American RAND and MERIT also the French CYCLADES.

</p>

<ul>

<li>The ancestor of today's internet was released in 1969 known as ARPANET, with the help of the Advanced Research Projects. At first it has connected 4 educational institutions and it's purpose was to share CPU time and computation.</li>

<li>The British NPL (National Physical Laboratory) was the first global network.

In 1970 it has already provided a large scale of online services and has given access for about 200 users.</li>

<li>The RAND (Research and Development) operates even today.</li>

<li>The founders of the MERIT network has created the first "host-to-host” connection between 3 universities.

Through the network it was possible to share files and to remotely print.</li>

<li>The French CYCLADES was created in 1973. The network's innovation was,

that only a part of the network was responsible for data exchange and through this it has decreased data traffic.</li>

</ul>

<p>

<img style="float:left" src="/images/www_logo.png" alt="WWW" width="100"> Overall, the last 5 mentioned networks have partially merged to create today's internet.

However there were other systems that helped the internet to spread, for

example BITNET and CSNET (1981),

the EUNET (1982) also the USENET, NSFNET and the EARN. The development of today's WWW (World Wide Web) was started by French telephone company in 1978 and was available to the French general public by 1982.

The WWW had spread across the World and became a vital part to today's society.

</p>

</div>

<! Footer >

</div>

</body>

</html>

classification.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Computer Networks</title>

</head>

<body>

<! header picture in css >

</div>

<! Side menu >

<ul>

<li><a href="/index.html">Encountering computer networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/development.html">The development of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/classification.html">Classification of Computer

Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/future.html">The future of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/references.html">References</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<! Content >

<h1>Classification of Computer Networks</h1>

<p>Computer networks are set up for local or remote communication and information exchange.</p>

<p></p>

<p>The networks can be:</p>

<ul>

<li>LAN (Local Area Network)</li>

<li>MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)</li>

<li>WAN (Wide Area Network)</li>

<li>SAN (Storage Area Network)</li>

<li>CAN (Campus Area Network)</li>

<li>PAN (Personal Area Network)</li>

<li>DAN (Desk Area Network)</li>

<li>HAN (Home Area Network)</li>

</ul>

<p></p>

<p>The data exchange can occur with wired:</p>

<ul>

<li>Twisted pair</li>

<li>Coax cable</li>

<li>Telephone cable</li>

<li>Glass fibre, optical cable</li>

</ul>

<p></p>

<p>Wireless networks:</p>

<ul>

<li>Infrared light</li>

<li>Laser</li>

<li>Radio waves</li>

<li>Microwave</li>

</ul>

<p></p>

<p>Network services:</p>

<ul>

<li>electronic mailing</li>

<li>file sharing</li>

<li>information exchange</li>

<li>telnet</li>

<li>electronic trading</li>

<li>online broadcasting</li>

</ul>

<p></p>

<p>The networks can be client/server connection and equivalent systems.

At a client/server connection, a chosen central computer (server) serves the other client systems.

Connection between peer systems is known as a peer-to-peer connection.</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

</div>

<! Footer >

</div>

</body>

</html>

future.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Computer Networks</title>

</head>

<body>

<! header picture in css >

</div>

<! Side menu >

<ul>

<li><a href="/index.html">Encountering computer networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/development.html">The development of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/classification.html">Classification of Computer

Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/future.html">The future of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/references.html">References</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<! Content >

<h1>The future of the internet</h1>

<p></p>

<h3>Search engines</h3>

<p>

The future of the internet almost completely relies on Google, because the search is done depending on their protocols.

Using different search engines are in vain, as there's a lot of competition, such as Yahoo and Microsoft who follow Google's example. Google's goal is to systemise all information in the world, which requires the storage of this data, which could raise both moral and ethical questions.

Google tries to acquire all possible forms of information. They record news's, scanning books and providing a world map in the form of a picture, as well as collecting our e-mails.

Google's fame shows, that as of today it has become a world leader and always stays efficient and they

generate a significant profit from their adverts. Today it is no longer possible to ignore Google's algorithm, because if we do not act upon the changes, then our content will not be found. Google has not had enough just by optimising their search engine, they also are developing an operating system, and a significant number of users use the Google web browser

</p>

<p></p>

<h3>Community Portals</h3>

<p>

<img style="float:right" src="/images/facebook.png" alt="Facebook" width="150"> The internet's future is also heavily influenced by community portals. The leader of this area,

Facebook, currently is attempting to get an even larger part of the global economy.

Unfortunately community portals large-scale spread has caused the modern world's relationships to become impersonal.

The online portals also have many made up accounts and malicious users. Younger people slowly become more and more enclosed in their virtual community,

while personal contact moves to the background. One of the interesting thing that Facebook has done, that with their competitor, Google, they do not share any data.

The servers have been configured in such a way, that only Facebook can search their own content and no one else.

Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, sees the future of the internet a large network of friends and family.

Facebook has only started integrating, through Connect, they have managed to integrate with a lot of websites and they have already got some web pages where Facebook has diverted most traffic to. The only question is, who will win.

</p>

<p></p>

<h3>Data storage</h3>

<p>

<img style="float:left" src="/images/dns.png" alt="DNS" width="150"> The rapid development of the internet was achieved by the increase in data storage.

To gather all the information in the world, there needs to be a huge storage. The technology is managing to keep up with the increased demands. Currently there is an oversupply of data storing.

With almost every turn, we can find different offers for storing data.

The technology is moving towards a way of storing data on a server that's further away (cloud services), but the market tries to resist, as the users are not happy to share confidential information.

Predictions have said that we will slowly move away from using silicon storage and it will be replaced by DNS.

</p>

</div>

<! Footer >

</div>

</body>

</html>

references.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Computer Networks</title>

</head>

<body>

<! header picture in css >

</div>

<! Side menu >

<ul>

<li><a href="/index.html">Encountering computer networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/development.html">The development of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/classification.html">Classification of Computer

Networks</a></li>

<li><a href="/future.html">The future of the internet</a></li>

<li><a href="/references.html">References</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<! Content >

<h1> References </h1>

<h3>Pictures</h3>

<ul>

<li>Commodore +4: <a href="/Commodore +4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Plus/4">Commodore +4

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Plus/4)</a></li>

<li>BBS Networks: <a

href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_board_system">http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Bulletin_board_system</a></li>

<li>Wifi banner: <a

href="http://www.mollymalonesphuket.com/">http://www.mollymalonesphuket.co m/</a></li> <li>Others: <a

href="http://www.freestockphotos.biz">http://www.freestockphotos.biz</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>The development of the internet</h3>

<ul> <li><a

href="http://www.thocp.net/reference/internet/internet1.htm">http://www.thocp.net

/reference/internet/internet1.htm</a></li>

<li><a

href="http://www.mediakutato.hu/cikk/2012_01_tavasz/01_internetes_kommunik acio_tortenete">http://www.mediakutato.hu/cikk/2012_01_tavasz/01_internetes_ kommunikacio_tortenete</a></li>

<li><a

href="http://www.inf.unideb.hu/~bodai/internet/internet_tortenete.html">http://ww w.inf.unideb.hu/~bodai/internet/internet_tortenete.html</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>Classification of Computer Networks</h3>

<ul> <li><a

href="http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.html">http://www.webopedia. com/TERM/N/network.html</a></li>

<li><a

href="http://www.inczedy.hu/~szikszai/foisk/Internet.ppt">http://www.inczedy.hu/~ szikszai/foisk/Internet.ppt</a></li>

<li><a href="http://blog.namesztovszkizsolt.com/wp-

content/uploads/2009/10/AzInternetFogalmaKialakulasEsFejlodesiIranyvonalai.p df">htt p://blog.namesztovszkizsolt.com/wp-

content/uploads/2009/10/AzInternetFogalmaKialakulasEsFejlodesiIranyvonalai.p df</a></li>

<li><a

href="http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/a/network_t ypes.htm">http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/a/netw ork_types.htm</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>The Future of the internet</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://allthingsd.com/20130821/google-vs-facebook-in-the-battle-of affinity/">http://allthingsd.com/20130821/google-vs-facebook-in-the-battle-of affinity/</a></li>

<li><a

href="http://index.hu/tech/2009/08/03/az_internet_jovoje_ahogyan_elkepzelni_se m_merjuk/">http://index.hu/tech/2009/08/03/az_internet_jovoje_ahogyan_elkepz elni_sem_merjuk/</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.rgstudio.hu/online-marketing/hasznos-tippek/flash-vagy nem-flash/uzleti-internet-jovoje">ttp://www.rgstudio.hu/online-marketing/hasznos tippek/flash-vagy-nem-flash/uzleti-internet-jovoje</a></li>

<li><a href="http://science.time.com/2013/01/24/goodbye-silicon-hello-dna-the future-of-data-storage/">http://science.time.com/2013/01/24/goodbye-silicon hello-dna-the-future-of-data-storage/</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<! Footer >

</div>

</body>

</html>

References

Pictures

• Commodore +4: Commodore +4

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Plus/4)

• BBS Networks: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin_board_system

• Wifi banner: http://www.mollymalonesphuket.com/

• Others: http://www.freestockphotos.biz

Footnotes

I hope everyone can find new and interesting information about the development and content of the web site and everyone has gained interest.